Aircraft structural members are designed to carry a load or to resist stress.In designing an aircraft, every square inch of wing and fuselage, every rib, spar, and even each metal fitting must be considered in relation to the physical characteristics of the material of which it is made.Every part of the aircraft must be planned to carry the load to be imposed upon it.The wings of an aircraft can be attached to the fuselage at the top, mid-fuselage, or at the bottom.
They may extend perpendicular to the horizontal plain of the fuselage or can angle up or down slightly. The three most common types of wooden ribs are the plywood web, the lightened plywood web, and the truss types. Structural Loads On Aircraft Skin On AOften, the skin on a wing is designed to carry part of the flight and ground loads in combination with the spars and ribs. Structural Loads On Aircraft Full Cantilever WingThe all-metal, full cantilever wing section illustrated below shows the structure of one such design. The fuselage forms the main body of the aircraft to which the wings, tail plane, vertical fin, and engine (in the case of a single-engine aircraft) are attached. In some aircraft designs, the engines and landing gear also attach directly to the fuselage structure. ![]() The true monocoque construction uses formers, frame assemblies, and bulkheads to give shape to the fuselage. The heaviest of these structural members are located at intervals to carry concentrated loads and at points where fittings are used to attach other units such as wings, powerplants, and stabilizers. The stabilizing surfaces of most aircraft are located at the tail and are known as the empennage. Typically they comprise the horizontal surfaces of stabilizer (tailplane) and elevator, for longitudinal stability and control, and the vertical surfaces of fin and rudder for directional stability and control.
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